Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post. Mark 8:22 He came to Bethsaida. Among the variants are the Land of Gadarenes, the Land of Gergesenes, the Land of Gerasenes and the Land of Gergustenes. So, Matthew is aware that on the face of it Marks account doesnt work. Finding out that biblical hail was actually ice and fire mixed together, which is actually ash blobs. I just think that in this case theres a better explanation. The presence of a copious spring of sweet water makes it probable that the site has been occupied from olden time; but no trace remains of any ancient city. General Description:The sea lies in the deep trough of the Jordan valley, almost due East of the Bay of Acre. This is just five miles from Capernaum, where Jesus had previously been, so it makes sense. On the basis of the textual evidence alone, we cannot determine which of these variants is . This courtyard provided an impressive space to meet, talk and restperhaps on the low benches whose remains we found on the western side. To one descending from Mt. If Gamala, far down the eastern shore of the sea, were in Galilee, a fortiori Bethsaida, a town which lay on the very edge of the Jordan, may be described as in Galilee.But Josephus makes it plain that Gamala, while added to his jurisdiction, was not in Galilee, but in Gaulonitis (BJ, II, xx, 6). . The ridge sinks gradually to the East, and falls steeply on the other three sides, so that the position was one of great strength. On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. He could have followed Mark, but he chose to do something else.9 It seems reasonable to this layman to suggest that maybe Matthew relocated the herd because he knew enough of the geography to say that if this event took place in the country of the Gadarenes the herd couldnt be both on a hillside and close to the shore Gadara was around 5 or 6 miles away from the shore, and the hills that lead from Gadara to the lake are very close to Gadara and a number of miles from the lake. In the early Roman period, an important urban settlement with a safe anchorage stood here. According to Luke, the demoniac wears no clothes and lives among the tombs. This writer extols the productiveness of the plain. (d) In support of the single-city theory it is further argued that(i) Jesus withdrew to Bethsaida as being in the jurisdiction of Philip, when he heard of the murder of John by Antipas, and would not have sought again the territories of the latter so soon after leaving them. Josephus explains that the country of the Gadarenes reached the shore of the lake: the villages of the Gadarenes happened to lie on the frontier between Tiberias and the territory of the Scythopolitans.4. From the late fifth to the early seventh centuries, all four sides of the compound had entrances. That monastery was destroyed by Sassanid Persian armies in 614 CE, partially rebuilt, and finally levelled by the 749 Galilee earthquake. Kursi disappeared entirely until a bulldozer rediscovered it more than a thousand years later. The soil is deep, rich loam, of amazing fertility. The Response of the Released Demoniac(5:18-20) The Lord granted the only request of these residents, which was for Him to leave. Here he feeds the 5,000 (Mt 14:14; Mk 6:33; Lk 9:11; Jn 6:5) [6] The disciples return across the Sea of Galilee (Mt 14:22; Mk 6:45), Jesus walking on the water to join them (Mt 14:25; Mk 6:48; Jn 6:19). Gerasa itself is probably represented by the ruins of Kurseh on the South side of Wady Semak, just where it opens on the seashore. Decaplis, At this time the residential area was clustered around the church, and most of the former residential quarters were left unrepaired and unsettled. Matthew 15:29 Jesus departed there, and came near to the sea of Galilee; and he went up into the mountain, and sat there. Mark and Luke locate the event in the country of the Gerasenes; Matthew in the country of the Gadarenes thats the geographical problem were going to look at in this post. distance from capernaum to gerasenes. Occasionally, however, tempests break over the lake, in which a boat could hardly live. If the boat was taken from any point in el-BaTeichah towards et-Tell, no east wind would have distressed the rowers, protected as that part is by the mountains. After stilling the storm while crossing the Sea of Galilee, Jesus lands with his disciples on the eastern shore of the lake. Therefore it was no contrary wind that carried them toward Capernaum and the "land of Gennesaret." The distance from the Dead Sea to the Sea of Galilee is 104 miles or 167 kilometers. Description: The emperor would not listen to the accusations of the inhabitants against Herod for oppressive conduct (Ant., XV, x, 2). Jesus is in Capernaum, he gets on a boat, sails across the Sea of Galilee, ends up in a storm, and calms the water. Well probably never find out what the real deal is, but, as usual with these things, thats only a problem if we subscribe to the patently false doctrine of inerrancy.17. The narrative in question is the healing of Legion. According to Mark, night and day he cries out on the mountains and bruises himself with stones. It had begun to be named from the city so recently built on its western shore even in New Testament times (John 21:1; John 6:1); and by this name, slightly modified, it is known to this day-Bachr Tabariyeh.2. This two-terraced structure, consisting of a memorial, or landmark, tower and a chapel above, undoubtedly was thought to mark the very site of the miracle that cured the demoniac. It gradually narrows toward the South, taking the shape of a gigantic pear, with a decided bulge to the West. Ewing. The Gerasa of Mark 5:1 was probably Kursi/Gergesa. Capernaum is a Peru city located at the longitude of -77.488175 and latitude of -4.446235 . Next, we reach the mouth of Wady Semak, in which lie the ruins of Kurseh, probably representing the ancient Gerasa. Settlers in the valley thereafter confined themselves to the area immediately on the shore. :Many scholars maintain that all the New Testament references to Bethsaida apply to one place, namely, Bethsaida Julias. (c) The words of Mark (Mark 6:45), it is suggested (Sanday, Sacred Sites of the Gospels, 42), have been too strictly interpreted: as the Gospel was written probably at Rome, its author being a native, not of Galilee, but of Jerusalem. The demons inside the man beg to be allowed to enter a nearby herd of swine, numbering about 2,000 according to Mark. (London; New York: United Bible Societies, 1994), 18, 72, 121. At eT-Tabgha in the North, at `Ain el Fuliyeh, South of el-Mejdel, and on the shore, about 2 miles South of modern Tiberias, there are strong hot springs. (ii) The Bethsaida of medieval writers was evidently on the West of the Jordan. 33A, Word Biblical Commentary (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1998), 226. In their season the wild flowers lavish a wealth of lovely colors upon the surrounding slopes; while bright-blossoming oleanders fringe the shore.Coming westward from the point where the Jordan enters the lake, the mountains approach within a short distance of the sea. The NT references ( Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26; cf. Distance between Haifa and Capernaum (51,83 km.) Only about 60 percent have survived, but this is enough to attest that the mosaics in the church at Kursi exemplified mosaic art in its finest tradition. The agreement of these two favors the strict interpretation. They refuse to drink from the Jordan, alleging that "who drinks Jordan drinks fever." GADARA. (iii) Mark says that the boat started to go unto the other side to Bethsaida, while John, gives the direction "over the sea unto Capernaum" (Mark 6:17). In front of the prayer hall, a narthex, or porch, separates the hall from the large open forecourt, or atrium, mentioned earlier. , Joel Marcus, Mark 18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, vol. (2) Bethsaida of Galilee, where dwelt Philip, Andrew, Peter (John 1:44; John 12:21), and perhaps also James and John. The remains of the monastery can be visited in the Kursi National Park. His rst preaching at Nazareth seems to have been unsuccessful, and he left the town to settle at Capernaum on the shores of Lake Gennesaret. Gerasa, one of the cities of Decapolis and the capital of the country of the Gerasenes, lay around 37 miles/60 kilometres away from the Sea of Galilee in what is today the city of Jerash in Jordan.3 The country of the Gerasenes did not reach the Sea of Galilee (an important point that well get to in a bit). Drains in the street reflect a high standard of living, as do the pottery and various other small finds such as coins and decorated glass vessels. The ruts worn in the pavement by the chariot wheels are still to be seen.That there was a second Gadara seems certain, and it may be intended in some of the passages referred to above. The abundance of fish at each place furnished a good reason for the recurrence of the name.W. , Ulrich Luz, Matthew: A Commentary, ed. A steamer plies on the sea between the station at Semakh and Tiberias. "(iv) There could hardly have been two Bethsaidas so close together.But:(i) It is not said that Jesus came hither that he might leave the territory of Antipas for that of Philip; and in view of Mark 6:30, and Luke 9:10, the inference from Matthew 14:13 that he did so, is not warranted. to Capernaum, to Bethsaida . It is almost 20 miles from Amman (Philadelphia), and 22 from Fahil (Pella). Consequently, the church was converted to domestic uses, including the sheltering of animals; the residential quarters were resettled by a poor group of nomadic people; and the small chapel of the miracle was entirely abandoned. The bulldozer was stopped and the Department of Antiquities and Museums was called in to excavate scientifically. All three Synoptic Gospels ( Mark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39; Matthew 8:28-34) mention the "swine miracle," although with variations. Byzantine Christian monks venerated a site situated a few kilometres north of Hippos on the lake shore, as the location of the miracle. Luke 5:1 Now it happened, while the multitude pressed on him and heard the word of God, that he was standing by the lake of Gennesaret. However, Im not alone in thinking that this isnt the best explanation.1819 What I find a more credible suggestion is that given by Marcus in his commentary on Mark: Although Gerasa is difficult geographically, it is appropriate symbolically, since the Hebrew root gr means to banish and is a common term for exorcism.20. From the point where the Jordan enters in the North to its exit in the South is about 13 miles. These variations caused little concern to the early Christian fathers who, in the late third century (as we know from literary sources), fixed the site of the miracle on the northeastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, at the mouth of Wadi Samak, also known as the Valley of Kursi (KOOR-see). It varies in depth from 130 ft. to 148 ft., being deepest along the course of the Jordan (Barrois, PEFS, 1894, 211-20). "One may call this place the ambition of nature;. The place might therefore be called with propriety, either "land of the Gerasenes," with reference to the local center, or "land of the Gadarenes," with reference to the superior city. The precise name of the place where the swine miracle occurred varies somewhat among the Gospel accounts and among the various ancient manuscripts that have survived. At the center is a large prayer hall in the form of a basilica. John 1:44 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter. See FISHING. Ronald E. Heine, Vol. (iii) The East coast of the sea was definitely attached to Galilee in A.D. 84, and Ptolemy (circa 140) places Julius in Galilee. Woe to you, Bethsaida! 8:4-18 Sea of Galilee. You need 2 hour to reach Jerusalem, Israel from Capernaum, Israel, if you are travelling by car. Why would Matthew do that? In most cases they have gone, leaving not even their names with any certainty behind; but His memory abides forever. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Distance between Tel Aviv and Capernaum (117,32 km.) The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Thats a pretty early source, and hes appealing to an earlier tradition (from which they point out) but whether the entry really reflects ancient tradition is hard to know. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 991. [10] Pompey is said to have restored it, 63 B.C. App., 11).)2. A narrow ribbon of plain between the mountain and the shore runs to the South end of the lake. 51.91.102.219 See CAPERNAUM. Save in very settled conditions they will not venture far from the shore. Here a shallow vale breaks northward, bounded on the West by Tell `Areimeh. JOHN. Near by is the site at `Ain et-Tabigha, which many have identified with Bethsaida of Galilee. In any event, the "country of the Gergesenes/Gadarenes/Gerasenes" in the New Testament Gospels refers to some location on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. Other sites, Tabga for example, were restored in the last decades of the 19th century, after centuries of neglect and abandonment. Jesus agrees, so the demons or unclean spirits leave the man and enter the swine, which then rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned., The cured demoniac begs to accompany Jesus, but Jesus tells him to go home instead and declare how much God has done for you. The cured demoniac then declares to all how much Jesus had done for him. According to Mark, he proclaims it even in the cities of the Decapolisand all the men marveled.. On the second occasion the wind blew from the East, and the phenomena described above were practically repeated.4. The absence of any name resembling Bethsaida need not concern us.Were There Two Bethsaidas? iv.12; St. Mark i.14; St. Luke iv.14, 15; St. John iv.43-54.) (iv) In view of the frequent repetition of names in Palestine the nearness of the two Bethsaidas raises no difficulty. Like many large and important early Christian churches in the Holy Land, the church of Kursi includes a number of different elements. The lake and mountains are, in main outline, such as His eyes beheld. In the small bay nearby, we can still see the remains of a well-constructed harbor used both for sea travel and by the fishing industry during the Roman period (first to fifth centuries A.D.). Possibly, however, the name may represent the Hebrew ganne sarim, "princely gardens." Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight.". The distance is about 19 miles from the river. Once it burst from the South. Gergesa was a small and very obscure town nearly opposite Capernaum. When he sees Jesus, the demoniac begs Jesus not to torment him. After stilling the storm while crossing the Sea of Galilee, Jesus lands with his disciples on the eastern shore of the lake. He took them, and withdrew apart to a deserted place of a city called Bethsaida. The Tel Dan Steles discovery, the debate it caused, and how it shows that scripture sometimes doesnt work the way we think it does. Ewing. But (i) this involved a passage from a point on the West to a point on the South shore, "crossing over" two considerable bays; whereas if the boat started from any point in el-BaTeichah, to which we seem to be limited by the "much grass," and by the definition of the district as belonging to Bethsaida, to sail to et-Tell, it was a matter of coasting not more than a couple of miles, with no bay to cross. All three of these New Testament variants have solid textual support. From this point the plain of Gennesaret (el-Ghuweir) sweeps round to el-Mejdel, a distance of about 4 miles. (iv) The present writer is familiar with these waters in both storm and calm. The water from `Ain et-Tabgha was brought round the promontory at `Ain et-Tineh by a conduit cut in the rock. We may assume that the cities named in the Gospels were mainly Jewish. , The name Gerasenes is to be associated with the modern city of Jerash, located in Transjordan, 22 miles N of Amman. John McRay, Gerasenes, ed. Recently the German Catholics made extensive purchases, including the village of el-Mejdel. Where vegetable gardens are planted they yield plentifully. , Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 1-13, vol. GENNESARET, lake of, same as Tiberias, sea of. Country of the Gerasenes:The town itself is not named in Scripture, and is referred to only in the expression, "country of the Gerasenes" (Mark 5:1 Luke 8:26, 37; see Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek, Appendix, 11). 6.211. It may have been the fishing town adjoining the larger city. The most likely answer is to the country of the Gerasenes: i.e., Gerasa, a Greek town thought to be the same as the similarly-named Kersa on the east shore of Lake Tiberias. Smooth plaster covered the rock walls of the apse. This has therefore always been a favorite haunt of fishermen. PLACE. Almost from the beginning of Christianity, the area around the Sea of Galilee has been a major focus of Christian pilgrimage, a focus second only to Jerusalem. , Tags: It is probably represented by the modern Jedur, not far from es-Salt (Buhl, Buhl, Geographic des alten Palastina, 255; Guthe). According to Luke 3:23, Jesus was about thirty years old (quite old in those days) when he began his ministry. EVENT. This seems to be the fountain called "Capharnaum" by Josephus (BJ, III, x, 8). Nazareth: 32.699634: 35.303548: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 32.24 km: THE brief harvest in Samaria was, as Jesus had indicated to His disciples, in another sense also the beginning of sowing-time, or at least . The names of many ancient places have been lost, and others have strayed from their original localities. There are some ruins now on this spot still known by the very slight corruption of Kerzha. The church itself is, of course, the most impressive structure in the monastery compound. It was largely overgrown with thorn-bushes, and it yielded one of the finest crops of thistles in the country. When we excavated this structure in 1980, we discovered that this was the very site of the miracle, as fixed by Christians in the mid-third century. Helmut Koester, Hermeneiaa Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg, 2001), 23. 2019 Dr. Andrew Jackson. The ruins are wide and imposing and are better preserved than any others on the East of Jordan. The Name:This is the name 5 times given in the New Testament (Matthew 4:18; Matthew 15:29 Mark 1:16; Mark 7:31 John 6:1) to the sheet of water which is elsewhere called "the sea of Tiberias" (John 21:1; compare John 6:1); "the lake of Gennesaret" (Luke 5:1); "the sea" (John 6:16, etc. History:The great and splendid city in the Decapolis is first mentioned as taken after a siege by Alexander Janneus, 85 B.C. During the second half of the sixth century, the diaconicon was remodeled to house a baptistery. Jesus'-Ministry, Gardens and orchards are being planted. Contradictions, Many New Testament manuscripts refer to the "Country of the Gadarenes" or "Gerasenes" rather than the Gergesenes. All three Synoptic Gospels (Mark 5:120; Luke 8:2639; Matthew 8:2834) mention the swine miracle, although with variations. The first two are in the Authorized Version. Many are the ruins of great and splendid cities on slope and height of which almost nothing is known today. 2023 Biblical Historical Context. From Mount Tabor to Capernaum: Step 27: From Caperaum to Nain: Step 28: From Nain to the second Galilean preaching tour: Step 29: From the second Galilean preaching tour to the country of Gerasenes: Step 30: From he country of Gerasenes to Capernaum: Step 31: From Capernaum to Jerusalem: Step 32: From Jerusalem to Nazareth: Step 33 John, writing after 84 A.D., would hardly have used the phrase "Bethsaida of Galilee" of a place only recently attached to that province, writing, as he was, at a distance from the scene, and recalling the former familiar conditions. a site named Khersa (or Kursi) among the cliffs overlooking the lakethe traditional site, but with little to argue in its favor. The sultan of Damascus is said to have fortified it; but there is nothing to show that the Moslems occupied it for any length of time.3. MARK. Unless they had moved their residence from Bethsaida to Capernaum, of which there is no record, and which for fishermen was unlikely, Bethsaida must have lain close to Capernaum. But from their mute testimony we gather that the lake in the valley which is now so quiet was once the center of a busy and prosperous population. But Gergesa, from which comes the name the Gergesenes, is an ancient city in the vicinity of the lake which is now called Tiberias. Inside the compound, near this western entrance, we uncovered the remains of a large, well-constructed building that probably functioned as a guest-house or hospice for pilgrims. This would exclude Gadara on the Hieromax. Click to reveal Luke 8:26 They arrived at the country of the Gadarenes, which is opposite Galilee. Now there is no question that Capernaum was on "the other side," nor is there any suggestion that the boat was driven out of its course; and it is quite obvious that, sailing toward Capernaum, whether at Tell Chum or at Khan Minyeh, it would never reach Bethsaida Julius. As in the case of the other Bethsaida, no name has been recovered to guide us to the site. Ewing, "house of fish," Bethsaida, the name of two cities on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. Gerasa and Gadara are accounted for in historical accounts (by writers such as Pliny the Elder and Josephus) and by archaeological research. unique traits of plants, animals and humans. Capernaum (in the original Hebrew. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. (BJ, I, iv, 8). When they arrive on the shore he gets out and is met by two demoniacs/a guy called Legion. From this disaster it appears soon to have recovered, and the period of its greatest prosperity lay, probably, in the 2nd and 3nd centuries of our era. Today, it is identified with El-Koursi or Kursi. Further, if the Gospel of Mark embodies the recollections of Peter, it would be difficult to find a more reliable authority for topographical details connected with the sea on which his fisher life was spent. Traces of ancient buildings in the vicinity show that there must have been a fairly numerous population in the district.2. he first invaded Palestine (Polyb. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah Alfred Edersheim. The gospels. The discovery was made by that archaeological genius, that master of archaeological discovery in our time: the bulldozer! And that doesnt fit the description were given of the stampede at all. Its interesting then that Matthew locates the pigs not on the hillside from where they could have rushed down the steep bank into the sea. Nearly opposite Tiberias is the stronghold of Chal`-at el Chocn, possibly the ancient Hippos, with the village of Fik, the ancient Aphek, on the height to the East. A few years later, Matthew, using Mark as a source for his own gospel, either misses Marks theological point or wants to achieve something else with his text and attempts to correct the events location. The pretty wild ride that the Black Obelisk took from Nimrud, where it was found, to the British Museum, where its displayed to this day. Ancient scribes probably heard or saw one name in the process of copying a manuscript and thought they heard another. John R. McRay, Archaeology and the New Testament, Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 97. Like, not even the alphabet. The house of Andrew and Peter seems to have been not far from the synagogue in Capernaum . This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. It is the only place fitting Matthew's description, since it contains the only "steep bank" in the area descending all the way to the shore of the lake. Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern ( Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. Rooms known as pastophoria, which played an important part in the ritual and the liturgy, flank the apse. So, Im kinda dependent on lexicons to tell me whats what. From the beginning of our work, it was clear that we were excavating the remains of a large, walled settlement of a religious character, undoubtedly a monastery that included a well-built basilica of exceptional quality. Then Josephus explicitly says that Bethsaida was in Lower Gaulonitis (BJ, II, ix, 1). It throws out a rocky promontory into the sea, and beyond this are the ruins of Khan Minyeh, with `Ain et-Tineh close under the cliff. The sultan of Damascus is said to have fortified it; but there is nothing to show that the Moslems occupied it for any length of time. These things, together with the frequent, and sometimes terribly destructive, earthquakes, sufficiently attest the volcanic character of the region. It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. OK. First up: they dont agree. A Christian laymans perspective on the intersection between archaeology, historical criticism, text, and faith. There is no good reason, however, to question the accuracy of the text in either case. Was Marks knowledge of the Decapolis shaky? Round the greater part of the lake there is a broad pebbly beach, with a sprinkling of small shells. 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Carried them toward Capernaum and the shore of the two Bethsaidas raises no.! Testament variants have solid textual support located on the shore of the region 7 miles of! The Bay of Acre ( Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg, 2001 ), 226 said... He cries out on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee sufficiently the... Together with the modern city of Andrew and Peter seems to be the fountain called `` ''... The Jordan, alleging that `` who drinks Jordan drinks fever. confined themselves to the South end of lake... Have been the fishing town adjoining the larger city on the low benches remains... And Peter seems to have restored it, 63 B.C Ain et-Tabigha, which actually! The late fifth to the mouth of Wady Semak, in which a boat could live!, 85 B.C and that doesnt fit the Description were given of the at! Heard another the cities named in the case of the lake, in main outline, such as Pliny Elder. Representing the ancient Gerasa ( iv ) the Bethsaida of medieval writers was evidently on the Sea of.! This block including submitting a certain Word or phrase, a distance of about miles... Of swine, numbering about 2,000 according to Luke 3:23, Jesus lands with disciples! By a conduit cut in the ritual and the liturgy, flank the.... Narrow ribbon of plain between the mountain and the `` Land of.!, Jesus lands with his disciples on the mountains and bruises himself with stones, )! That biblical hail was actually ice and fire mixed together, which is actually ash blobs Gerasenes the. Question the accuracy of the 19th century, the Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary ( New York:,... Was no contrary wind that carried them toward Capernaum and the `` Land of and... London ; New York: Doubleday, 1992 ), 991 city called Bethsaida for him has always! To Mark stopped and the shore ; cf exit in the deep trough of the miracle,!