Future Publishing Limited Neither claim was true. [21] Hickok subsequently visited McCanles' widow, apologized for the killing, and offered her $35 in restitution, all the money he had with him at the time. After shooting Coe, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone running toward him and quickly fired two more shots in reaction, accidentally shooting and killing Abilene Special Deputy Marshal Mike Williams, who was coming to his aid. [38], In July 1869, Hickok returned to Hays and was elected city marshal of Hays and sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas, in a special election held on August 23, 1869. [25] The 1883 History of Greene County, Missouri described him as "by nature a ruffian a drunken, swaggering fellow, who delighted when 'on a spree' to frighten nervous men and timid women. What was the relationship between Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane? Against the bloody backdrop of the uniquely volatile point in history, both killers earned a reputation for viciousness. As a very young boy, Bill was born to father William Alonzo Hickok and mother Polly Butler. The first major description of the incident appeared in Harpers New Monthly Magazine in February 1867, six years after the fact, written by Col. George Ward Nichols, who claimed to have been told the story by Hickok in 1865. "[49], Hickok and Phil Coe, a saloon owner and acquaintance of Hardin's, had a dispute that resulted in a shootout. He twice asked another man at the table, Charles Rich, to change seats with him, but Rich refused. The gun did not sell because the highest bid of $220,000 was less than the reserve set by the gun's owners.[76]. This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. They arrived in Topeka on April 2. [citation needed], Leander Richardson, a reporter, interviewed McCall shortly before his execution, and wrote an article about him for the April 1877 issue of Scribner's Monthly. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. He then joined General James Henry Lane's Kansas Brigade, and while serving with the brigade, saw his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, who was serving as a scout. Hickok had a large impact on American history because of his life and death. Playing cards with his back to the door, Hickok had no clue that he was about to be murdered. In quick succession, Hickok was said to have then killed five members of McCanless gang and knocked out another before three more gang members threw him down on a bed, only to be bested in hand-to-hand combat by the knife-wielding Hickok. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The old cemetery was in an area that was better suited for the constant influx of new settlers to live on, so the remaining bodies there were eventually also moved up the hill to the Mount Moriah Cemetery (in the 1880s). The incident helped contribute to the overall failure of the show. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. Wild Bill's brother, Oliver Cromwell Hickok married and fathered five children per: Search Results from User Submitted Genealogies (only as accurate as submitter). The glorification of Wild Bill Hickok began in Springfield, Mo., on July 21, 1865, when he killed gunman Dave Tutt. [7] Photographs of Hickok appear to depict dark hair, but all contemporaneous descriptions affirm that it was red. When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle at him. [40]:196, In September 1869, his first month as sheriff, Hickok killed two men. Three years after Jack McCall shot Hickok in the back as he was playing cards in Deadwood, South Dakota, an 1879 story in the Cheyenne, Wyoming, Daily Leader noted that the pistols were made expressly . McCormick claimed that ONeil offered to adopt her, taking she and her mother to meet his wife in Omaha. From there the ONeils took the pair to the family home in Richmond, Virginia, and ultimately raised the Jean in Liverpool, England. The enclosure was cut open by souvenir hunters in the 1950s, and the statue was removed.[71]. He seemed to have respect for Hickok's abilities and replied, "If Bill needs killing, why don't you kill him yourself? Martha (her name wasnt even Jane) had several husbands and a daughter, Jessie, who died in Los Angeles in 1960. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. On September 4, Hickok was wounded in the foot while rescuing several cattlemen in the Bijou Creek basin who had been surrounded by Indians. On August 2, 1876, Wild Bill Hickok died a sudden, violent death while gambling in a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. The Bull's Head Saloon in Abilene had been established by gambler Ben Thompson and Coe, his partner, businessman, and fellow gambler. ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 18:12. [19] According to Hickok's account, he found the road blocked by a cinnamon bear and its two cubs. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1979). Before being called Wild Bill Hickok, his original name was James Butler Hickok. [a][8], In 1855, at age 18, James Hickok fled Illinois following a fight with Charles Hudson, during which both fell into a canal; each thought, mistakenly, that he had killed the other. The couple had five children besides James Butler, three boys and two girls. In one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. Personal account of the foreman of the Overland Stage Company stations, as given to, Judge Boyd told the jury, "The defendant cannot set up justification that he acted in self-defense if he was willing to engage in a fight with the deceased. As a result, calcium carbonate from the surrounding soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction. "Wild Bill's Sweetheart: The Life of Mary Jane Owens. He usually sat with his back to a wall so he could see the entrance, but the only seat available when he joined the game was a chair facing away from the door. At Bridger, Montana, Jane moved in with a cowboy named Robert Dorsett. Hickok was killed August 2, 1876, at the age of 39, and Calamity Jane died of illness on August 1, 1903, at age 51; both died in South Dakota.. During his life, Hickok was a soldier, scout, stagecoach driver, lawman, gunfighter, showman, marksman, gambler, and more. To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. Burke she had enrolled Jessie in the school. Funeral services will be held at Charlie Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, August 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock P. M. All are respectfully invited to attend. Bonhams auction company offered this pistol at auction on November 18, 2013, in San Francisco, California,[75] described as Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. Standing some 50 yards away from his subject, Hickok "without sighting his pistol and with his eye" rang off six shots, each of them hitting the direct center of the letter. [50] The two entrepreneurs had painted a picture of a bull with a large erect penis on the side of their establishment as an advertisement. [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. The incident began when David McCanles, his brother William and several farmhands came to the station demanding payment for a property that had been bought from him. The trial did not last more than fifteen minutes.[23]. Hardin left Kansas before Hickok could arrest him. ", "James Butler Hickok May 27 1837 - August 2 1876 Better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok", "James Butler 'Wild Bill' Hickok, Early Deadwood", "Nebraska Legends: Rock Creek Station and the McCanles Massacre", "Chronology on Life of James Butler HICKOK, Wild Bill Hickok, Old West Kansas", "Rock Creek Station State Historical Park", "Legal Culture, Wild Bill Hickok and the Gunslinger Myth", "Myths and Realities of Frontier Violence: A Look at the Gunfighter Saga", "Frontier Hero - Reminiscences of Wild Bill Hickok by his old Friend Buffalo Bill", "The State Journal (Jefferson City, Mo. awaiting execution. Jan MacKell Collins is the author of numerous books about the Old West, the latest isLost Ghost Towns of Teller County. Doc Holliday did have a bad cough, as suggested in this episode, from his tuberculosis. In an instant, he pulled the triggers again sending two bullets into Coe's abdomen (Coe lived a day or two) and whirling with his two guns drawn on the drunken crowd of cowboys, "and now do any of you fellows want the rest of these bullets?" Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. "[55], On March 5, 1876, Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Also in 1995, he's depicted as a character in an episode of Legend (TV series) by William Russ, possibly most famous for his role in Wiseguy (TV series). In more recent times, however, Calamity Jane biographer James McLaird disproved McCormicks claim by researching when and how her fantastic autobiography unfolded. [38], On September 1, 1868, Hickok was in Lincoln County, Kansas, where he was hired as a scout by the 10th Cavalry Regiment, a segregated African-American unit. When Kyle's weapon misfired, Hickok shot Lonergan, wounding him in the knee, and shot Kyle twice, killing him. On December 9, Hickok and Lanihan both served legal papers on Macintosh, and local newspapers acknowledged that Hickok had guardianship of Hays City. He noted that the sound was similar to tapping a brick wall and believed the remains weighed more than 400lb (180kg). Many people knew that Jane had a "crush" on Hickok but few, if any, knew that they were married. Under the name "Wild Bill Hitchcock" [sic], the article recounted the "hundreds" of men whom Hickok had personally killed and other exaggerated exploits. Despite his reputation,[70] Hickok was buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. In the HBO show Deadwood (2004-2006), Wild Bill is played by Keith Carradine. Im glad shes come [home from school] while youre here, Jane told Fox, fer I want you to see her. Hickok's retort is one of the West's most famous sayings (though possibly apocryphal): "Did the crow have a pistol? Both of his parents loved each other very much and always remained together. To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. She claims to have known James Hickok, known as "Wild Bill" Hickok, and she is thought to have traveled with him for several years. In an 1871 account that changed his life, Hickok was reportedly involved in a shootout with saloon owner Phil Coe. In another account of the Coe shootout: Theophilus Little, the mayor of Abilene and owner of the town's lumber yard, recorded his time in Abilene by writing in a notebook, which was ultimately given to the Abilene Historical Society. McCall shot Hickok from behind as he played poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory on August 2, 1876. Tutt reached for his pistol but Hickok was the first to draw his weapon, and shot Tutt instantly, from approximately 75 yards. At the end of the trial, Judge Sempronius H. Boyd told the jury they could not find Hickok acted in self-defense if he could have reasonably avoided the fight. The second trial was not considered double jeopardy because of the irregular jury in the first trial and because Deadwood was at the time in unorganized Indian country. According to their account, the shootout took place not inside the Wellmans cabin but inside the Rock Creek station itself, and Hickoks defense was far from single-handed. [5] William Hickok died in 1852, when James was 15. He was released from the group after a few months. For the next several years, Hickok worked as a stagecoach driver. [1][2], James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Homer, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) to William Alonzo Hickok, a farmer and abolitionist, and his wife, Polly Butler. There the familys small farm served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. [12], While in Nebraska, Hickok was derisively referred to by one man as "Duck Bill" for his long nose and protruding lips. Their quick-draw duel was recorded as the first of its kind. Wild Bill Hickok's Revolver James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok's (1837-1874) pair of ivory-handled revolvers were as legendary as he was. He claimed he was avenging Hickok's earlier slaying of his brother, which may have been true; a man named Lew McCall had indeed been killed by an unknown lawman in Abilene, Kansas, but whether or not the two McCall men were related is unknown. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. 10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Wild Bill Hickok, Birth Year: 1837, Birth date: May 27, 1837, Birth State: Illinois, Birth City: Troy Grove, Birth Country: United States. Perhaps most famously, Harper's New Monthly Magazine printed an account of the story in 1867, claiming Hickok had killed 10 men. The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. Hickok died immediately. authorities, and after trial has been sentenced to death for willful murder. More concrete evidence of Jessie came from Charles Zimmerman, who remembered Jane and her daughters frequent visits to his familys ranch near Billings, Montana in 1893. McCall tried to . The murderer escaped. Leaving Springfield, he was recommended for the position of deputy federal marshal at Fort Riley, Kansas. They had ivory grips and nickel plating, and were ornately engraved with "J.B. Hickok1869" on the backstrap. As the scene unfolded, McCanles entered the station, and, from behind the curtain that divided it in two, either Hickok or Wellman shot McCanles. [h], McCall's motive for killing Hickok is the subject of speculation, largely concerning McCall's anger at Hickok's having given him money for breakfast the day before, after McCall had lost heavily. The "special election" may not have been legal, as a letter dated September 17 to the governor of Kansas noted that Hickok had presented a warrant for an arrest which was rejected by the Fort Hays commander, because, when asked to produce his commission, Hickok admitted that he had never received one. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. There, again, he killed several men, including his deputy marshal, whose deaththe result of an accidental shootingled to Hickoks dismissal. ", DeMattos, Jack (1980). This, in turn, was destroyed by souvenir hunters and replaced in 1902 by a life-sized sandstone sculpture of Hickok. He was very famous as a lawman as he established law and order in some of the most notorious towns on the frontier. Later that year he became a teamster with the great freighting enterprise Russell, Majors and Waddell, creators of the Pony Express, for which he was too tall and heavy to be a rider. In addition to many exploits she was known for being an acquaintance of Wild Bill Hickok.Late in her life, she appeared in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show and at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition.She is said to have exhibited compassion to others . Hickok lost a gold watch to Tutt in a poker game. [6] Since the event was outdoors, he could not compel people to pay, and the venture was a financial failure. ), 18721886. Mulvey angrily declared that he had come to town to kill Hickok. Outlaw John Wesley Hardin arrived in Abilene at the end of a cattle drive in early 1871. Hickok moved to Leavenworth in the Kansas Territory, where he joined Jim Lane's Free State Army (also known as the Jayhawkers), an antislavery vigilante group active in the new territory during the Bleeding Kansas era. Was he shooting back? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [28] Tutt's shot missed, but Hickok's struck Tutt through the heart from about 75 yards (69m) away. [59], The next day, Hickok was playing poker again. Tutt called out, "Boys, I'm killed", before he collapsed and died. Several sources, including Jessie, verify the child was born on October 28. Entdecke Bill O'Reilly's Legends and Lies: The Real West - Hardcover - GOOD in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Hickok ordered him to be arrested for firing a pistol within the city limits. [9], In 1865, Hickok recruited six Native Americans and three cowboys to accompany him to Niagara Falls, where he put on an outdoor demonstration called The Daring Buffalo Chasers of the Plains. We drove on to Beatrice and at the trial, his plea was self-defense; no one appeared against him, and he was cleared. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. Citizens of the town complained to Hickok, who requested that Thompson and Coe remove the image. [40]:192, On July 17, 1870, Hickok was attacked by two troopers from the 7th U.S. Cavalry, Jeremiah Lonergan and John Kyle (sometimes spelled Kile),[42] in a saloon. In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. If James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok had an eye disease, present-day experts believe that, like many others of his time, he may have suffered from trachoma. A second son, named Lorenzo Butler Hickok, was born in October of 1831 but died soon thereafter. In July, 1865, in Springfield, Missouri's town square, Hickok killed Davis Tutt, an old friend who after personal grudges escalated became an enemy. Hickok and Brinks were charged with murder but found not guilty. Though no solid record exists, he is believed to have served as a Union spy in the Confederate Army before his discharge in 1865. [23][b], After the Civil War broke out in April 1861, Hickok became a teamster for the Union Army in Sedalia, Missouri. Hickok is known to have fatally shot six men and is suspected of having killed a seventh (McCanles). [j] Utter supervised the move and noted that, while perfectly preserved, Hickok had been imperfectly embalmed. Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, but in September 1862, he was discharged for unknown reasons. Brink, were tried for killing McCanles, but were found to have acted in self-defense. Hardin was in town under his assumed name Wesley Clemmons, but was better known to the townspeople by the alias "Little Arkansas". [citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. Both towns had become outposts for lawless men before Hickok arrived and turned things around. Then in 1996, a second daughter was revealed. August 18, 1876, image 3", "Jack McCall Cowardly Killer of Wild Bill Hickok", "American Wonder Wild Bill Hickok Shot and Killed from Behind on This Day in History", Bozeman Avant Courier, December 22, 1876, image 1, testimony of George M. Shingle, "Riverboat captain 'carried' bullet that killed Hickok", "Jack McCall and the Murder of Wild Bill Hickok", "Wild Bill Hickok: Pistoleer, Peace Officer and Folk Hero", Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok's Colt Model 1851 Navys, "Wild Bill Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. A semifictionalized version of Hickok's time as marshal of Abilene Kansas, titled Hickok (2017), stars Luke Hemsworth as Hickok, Trace Adkins as the Bull's Head Saloon keeper Phil Coe, Kris Kristofferson as Abilene mayor George Knox, and Kaiwi Lyman-Mersereau as John Wesley Hardin. Calamity Jane was reported to have been buried next to Hickok according to her dying wish. On March 5, 1876, he married Agnes Thatcher Lake, an owner of a circus in Cheyenne, Wyoming territory. Duck Bill and Shanghai Bill [65][66], McCall was summoned before an informal "miners' jury" (an ad hoc local group of miners and businessmen). Hickok was bedridden for months before he went to southern Nebraska in the summer of 1861 to work at the Pony Express station at Rock Creek. I heard him speak recently, and his is the definitive work on this wild woman of the West. [citation needed], On August 1, 1876, Hickok was playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. When Varnes could not be found, McCall then implicated Tim Brady in the plot. He was arrested while using the name Haycock in 1865. His own show, The Daring Buffalo Chase of the Plains, did not fare well, but in 1873 he joined Buffalo Bill Codys The Scouts of the Prairie, which was based in Rochester, New York. This made it difficult for the men to carry the remains to the new site. Calamity Jane is reputed to have led a mob that threatened McCall with lynching, but at the time of Hickok's death, Jane was actually being held by military authorities. [77][78] A print of the film is maintained in the Museum of Modern Art film archive.[79]. [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. Hickok ran as an Independent; but lost to his deputy, Peter Lanihan, who ran as a Democrat. Most modern retailers of Old West period clothing seem to sell only banded collared shirts, yet old photographs show cowboys did wear shirts with collars. [81], Hickok's birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial and is a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Hickok was of English ancestry. Hickok encouraged McCall to quit the game until he could cover his losses and offered to give him money for breakfast. He is also remembered for the cards he was holding when he was shot dead a pair of black aces and a pair of black eights since known as the dead man's hand. The. shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [then] the jury will acquit.". Famous Cowgirls. [39] Three sheriffs had quit during the previous 18 months. [21][22] Hickok, Wellman, and another employee, J.W. He was involved in several notable shootouts during the course of his life. Upon being sprung, Jane whisked into Castle City, picked up the girl, and went on her way. In 1876 in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, Hickok married Agnes Lake Thatcher, a former circus performer. Playing cards with his back to the door, Hickok had been embalmed... On her way:329 Hickok did not last more than 400lb ( )! Of his life table, Charles Rich, to change seats with him, but Rich.! The knee, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection turn, was destroyed by hunters... Of having killed a seventh ( McCanles ) her mother to meet his death outdoors, he was released the... Approached Hickok from behind, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa perhaps most,... Fatally shot six men and is suspected of having killed a seventh ( McCanles ) ( )... 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