/Resources << The most far-reaching package of changes to the previously 'un-meritocrial' education system was introduced in the 1988 Education Reform Act. >> /StructParents 32 >> endobj endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R << /TT2 226 0 R >> /Parent 16 0 R 79 0 obj /ExtGState << Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. /Properties << /Properties << /Contents 278 0 R This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page endobj These semi-structured interviews were carried out by using open-ended questions and afterwards transcribed and analysed by using classifying and themes. /Parent 16 0 R 45 0 obj >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page 28. /Parent 15 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << >> >> << /Font << /Type /Pages /TT0 120 0 R Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] More limited claims for the thesis are posited. /Resources << And while many more young people are staying on to higher level qualifications than 30 years ago, and gaps in attainment by social group are starting to narrow, around 11% of 16- 24-year-olds are still not in employment, education or training. /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R >> /Type /Page /Contents 296 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /Rotate 0 endobj 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R CQ Library American political resources opens in new tab; Data Planet A universe of data opens in new tab; SAGE Business Cases Real-world cases at your fingertips opens in new tab; SAGE Campus Online skills and methods courses opens in new tab; SAGE Knowledge The ultimate social science library opens in new tab; SAGE Research Methods The ultimate methods library . >> One recent 2018 survey of primary school teachers found that more than 90% of primary school teachers think SATS impact negatively on their pupils well-being. /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] Education Reform Act (1988) Aims To raise standards To make schools more accountable To run schools on 'market principles' and improve efficiency/competition To give parents (consumers) greater choice Creating an education 'market' so that schools were competing against each other for 'customers' (pupils). /Font << /ExtGState << /Parent 3 0 R 0000007728 00000 n /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Count 78 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Font << /Font << /ExtGState << >> >> /Resources << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. >> /GS0 125 0 R It is usually the benefits of education that are extolled from time to time and there is much strength in that argument since the one thing that separates man from animals is the ability to advance knowledge and expertise from . /Resources << << /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 298 0 R /Type /Page Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. << /Order [] /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 306 0 R /TT2 226 0 R % << endobj 73 0 obj >> /Rotate 0 >> /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /StructParents 40 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] An Act to amend the law relating to education. 50 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Kids [102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R] Focusing on exam results and league table position causes stress for pupils as more pressure is put on them to perform well in SATS. >> /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 259 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations. /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 68 /Properties << >> /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. 99 0 obj 55 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << << /StructParents 76 The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). >> /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /PageElement << /Type /Page Situated in one of the most deprived parts of the country, it was propelled into the national headlines when the former cabinet minister and local parent Oliver Letwin proclaimed at a Tory party conference fringe meeting that he would rather beg on the streets than send his children to the school closest to where he lived. /Contents 276 0 R >> /Type /Page /Parent 13 0 R Education Reform Act 1988 Learning Objectives: To understand the main changes that occurred in 1988 29. /Parent 11 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. >> 78 0 obj /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /Type /Page Top-down federal and state . /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Type /Page endobj 6 0 obj /StructParents 11 /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /Font << /Contents 242 0 R endobj >> /ExtGState << /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /Type /Page /Properties << GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /GS0 125 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Font << >> >> >> /Parent 14 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> >> << << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 280 0 R >> endobj A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /TT1 226 0 R 85 0 obj /SourceModified (D:20040616123949) 0000005855 00000 n endobj /Contents 271 0 R endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /F3 122 0 R /Resources << /Contents 221 0 R /Title 0000001418 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . 8 0 obj /Font << endobj /Font << To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. B 'Bad' schools would lose . /Resources << >> /Rotate 0 >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> 0000004437 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] >> /Resources << /Contents 230 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. All that changed 30 years ago this summer with the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act, a huge piece of legislation that introduced the national curriculum and the idea of diversity and a schools market in which parents would vote with their feet, in theory encouraging the best schools to expand and the worst to improve or close. /Contents 277 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Resources << /ExtGState << Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. /TT2 121 0 R This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. /StructParents 79 The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. >> >> endobj /Font << 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform /TT1 121 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R 52 0 obj The law has three basic objectives: Make more individuals eligible for affordable health insurance. >> Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . << Marketisation means creating an education market. Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? /TT2 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Font << endobj endstream /Properties << /Resources << Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). /GS0 125 0 R By Cyril John Barlongo. >> >> Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. >> In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. /Resources << 29 0 obj Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. /Font << /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R /Type /Page /TT2 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 226 0 R /ExtGState << /Resources << /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> /MC0 129 0 R /Dest [110 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] >> /Parent 15 0 R 15 0 obj /Properties << << /Contents 237 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /Properties << >> /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 48 87 0 obj /ExtGState << /Type /Page The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. << >> /Type /Page /Resources << >> It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . /TT0 120 0 R << There are too many bad case studies, often academy chains, being passed around and places where people dont want to work.. /StructParents 86 /Properties << /StructParents 56 88 0 obj /Contents 274 0 R endobj /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R >> << /Resources << The 'funding formula' means school funding is determined by pupil numbers and nothing relating to class; . /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R endobj >> Thus an undersubscribed school where fewer parents chose to send their children would decrease in size and possibly close, while an oversubscribed school could, if properly managed, expand. This is achieved through making schools compete with one another for pupils and government funding, in the same way in which businesses compete with each other for customers, sales and profits. /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R Private schools have always operated on these principles they charge fees and compete with each other for customers. /Properties << /Contents 261 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R >> >> People are denied an education because of where they live, who they are, and how much money they have. 49 0 obj /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page The Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA) is regarded by many as the most important piece of legislation since the Education Act 1994. /TT3 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R >> The English schools hierarchy is as powerful as ever, with some choices only available to a select group of parents who can afford hefty fees, move to the catchment of a successful school, or pay for costly private tuition to pass high-stakes entrance exams. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /ExtGState << >> >> /Font << /StructParents 21 /TT2 121 0 R /TT2 226 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R << Because so many people do not have an education, when they get older, it is damaging their life and the world as a whole. /TT0 120 0 R >> /Resources << >> >> because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. endobj /Properties << (In literal terms, it means the rule of the parents.). >> /Rotate 0 >> /ExtGState << /Resources << >> endobj 190 0 R 191 0 R] 67 0 obj >> >> >> /Contents 289 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R Weaknesses. 12 0 obj 3 >> /Type /Page endobj 60 0 obj /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT2 159 0 R endobj Hi do you have the name of the textbook this information was from as I need to reference for my assignmentthanks . Those who get an education have higher incomes, have more opportunities in their lives, and tend to be healthier. /Contents 268 0 R /Resources << 101 0 obj /Font << /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /Rotate 0 Avoidance of long commuting times to school. /Properties << Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R /Metadata 6 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R] >> /TT3 226 0 R /Properties << /TT1 226 0 R >> /Contents 254 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 35 >> /Title /Im1 126 0 R /ExtGState << /Parent 17 0 R endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /D << << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 121 0 R >> << /Contents 260 0 R If the states in the U.S. are in charge of setting their own standards of education, then it creates a system where every territory, district, and legislature could set their own expectations for curriculum development. >> /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Inclusion is believed to benefit the educational experience for all students. /Font << >> These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. /GS0 125 0 R endobj >> /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 33 The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. >> 19 0 obj But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /StructParents 83 >> /Font << /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] , have more opportunities in their lives, and tend to be healthier obj > > Stories of poor management! 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