[15], Before his arrival in Nuremberg, Cameron had written The Social Reorganization of Germany, in which he argued that German culture and its individual citizens would have to be transformed and reorganized. For Cameron, the traits were contagions and anyone affected by the societal, cultural or personality forms would themselves be infected. Amory: Eventually though, it wasnt just Camerons successor who was calling him out. Not, at least, until well into 1965, months after they were told to end the experiments. The mentally ill were thus labelled as not only sick, but also weak. I mean his father was a very prominent psychiatrist, so destroying rather than preserving personal papers of someone of that prominence is a very unusual thing, especially for a family member to have done. Duncan: This is at the Lake Placid Club in Lake Placid, New York. Marian believes all of this was a result of her mother going into the Allan. Advertisement. They fear the stranger, they fear the new idea; they are afraid to live, and scared to die." He studied Medicine at the University of Glasgow and obtained his degree in 1924. . Hij is getrouwd met (Niet openbaar), ze kregen 1 kind. She was gonna go out there and do something. So we dont have access to Cameron's thoughts on his own legacy. Her life was sad. Old '45" Cameron Major Cameron (1663 - 1718) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. (McCoy, 2007), According to Leonard Rubenstein, an attorney for plaintiffs [Mrs. David Orlikow et al. Our username is. They were destroyed. Ewen passed away on month day 1915, at age 84 at death place. He continued his training in the United States under Meyer at the Phipps Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland from 1926 to 1928 with a Henderson Research Scholarship. ", "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,". Scottish-American psychiatrist Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron led and conducted these experiments. And it was a great shock to everybody because he was 65 and in many ways, you know, going full throttle and at the top of his career. Donald Hebb the psychiatrist who started the whole mess with his sensory deprivation experiments had even less kind things to say: "Cameron was irresponsible criminally stupid. Jean Steel was another one of Cameron's patients, and like the others she didn't sign up to be a part of MKUltra, depatterning, or psychic driving at all. Amory: But Cameron was publishing articles and giving speeches about his work throughout his life. Cameron decided that Germans would be most likely to commit atrocities due to their historical, biological, racial and cultural past and their particular psychological nature. In theory, he was supposed to help her anxiety, depression, and postpartum depression. And they are still being asked to by victims and their families, 60 years later. Through his instruction of nurses and psychiatrists he became an authority in his areas of concentration. He was always attracted to these subjects for which there was no easy answer. Ironically, his lasting impact would be on how to destroy the human mind, not how to repair it. During those years, Cameron began to expand on his thoughts about the interrelationships of mind and body, developing a reputation as a psychiatrist who could bridge the gap between the organic, structural neurologists, and the psychiatrists whose knowledge of anatomy was limited to maps of the mind as opposed to maps of the brain. Instead of being considered for the fellowship, the neurologist was admitted to his Allan Memorial Institute, diagnosed with schizophrenia, and given such a heavy dose of barbiturates that it triggered an allergic reaction and she suffered from a prolonged loss of oxygen to the brain. John Marks: The Allan Memorial Institute under Cleghorn commissioned a study of his work, which is absolutely or almost absolutely unprecedented in the psychiatric field. He died of a heart attack while climbing a mountain in the Adirondacks in 1967. You can try, The 1963 "Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation" manual, "CIA's Secret Brainwashing Experiment" (1984), "Brainwashed: The Secret CIA Experiments in Canada" (2017), Jim Turner and Joseph Rauh's lawsuit debrief: "Anatomy Of A Public Interest Case Against The CIA,", Send us a direct message on Reddit. On the weekends, you'd think he would go out and mow the lawn or bask in the sun or go play golf or tennis, but none of it. Jim: But again, you know, the deposition transcript, you're going to have to rely on that, like we did. The transcript has been edited from our original script for clarity. Unfortunately, a lot of what went on within them has been lost: In 1973, the majority of the documents associated with MKUltra were destroyed in a massive (and not-at-all-suspicious) purge. I'm sure that they loved him very much and knew him in a very different way. Cameron wrote that mental illness was transmitted generationally; thus, the re-occurrence of mental illness could be stopped by remodeling and expanding existing concepts of marriage suitability, as well as the quarantine of mentally ill individuals from the general population. Photo by Courtesy of Julie Tanny For the first four years of Julie Tanny's. Amory: This is from The Adirondack Daily Enterprise, is the name of the paper. Cameron focused primarily on biological descriptive psychiatry and applied the British and European schools and models of the practice. Amory: But, Camerons extreme measures didnt result in a Nobel Prize or any mental health breakthroughs, which is why Harvey finds a certain poetry in his untimely death. AIan Cameron followed in the footsteps of his father and became a director at Panmure Gordon in 1957. Here, patients were exposed to a range of RF and electromagnetic signals and monitored for changes in behaviour. McGill's then-director of psychology, Dr. Donald Hebb, took the money and set up experiments using his ready-and-waiting pool of test subjects: students. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of lambeth, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. For years, the patients of Dr. Ewen Cameron or, more accurately, the families of those patients have been trying to get compensation for the unthinkable experiments their loved ones were subjected to. [7], Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, the oldest son of a Presbyterian minister. In the final installment ofMadness," we sit down with Duncan, and we explore the shocking ways his father's methods are still being used today. Don't worry, it gets worse. [31][2] In her book, In the Sleep Room: The Story of the CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada,[32] author Anne Collins explored the history of Cameron and Montreal's Allan Memorial Institute. Cameron began to explore how industrial conditions could satisfy the population through work and what kind of person or worker is best suited to industrial conditions. According to The Guardian, it started with playing tapes designed to tap into the reason the patient sought help in the first place. She was a former captain of the Scottish field hockey team, a competitive tennis player,[11] and lecturer in mathematics at the University of Glasgow. Ben: OK. Fair. Ben: But Duncan is still, in some ways, trying to defend his dads honor. Duncan: Talking about him, it should be easy, but sometimes it's sort of emotional. But the government agency backing his experiments at the Allan did find a way to make use of his methods. Cameron began his training in psychiatry at the Glasgow Royal Mental Hospital in 1925. In 1933, he married Jean C. Rankine, whom he had met while they were students at the University of Glasgow. Amory: Marians mom died three ago. And in that sense, I think his ambition overrode his skills and his ability to do the research. And here I am looking much younger than I am now. And he was searching for ways of doing something about them. In 1946, Cameron introduced the practice of the day hospital, the first of its kind in North America, permitting patients to remain at home while receiving treatment at the institute during the day, thus avoiding unnecessary hospitalization and allowing the patients to maintain ties with their community and family. Not only was Ewen Cameron running the Allan Memorial, but he was leading psychiatric organizations, he was teaching at McGill University, and he was still seeing private patients. While he didn't name names or give specifics, he did say that papers "related to patients were destroyed.". [26] His "psychic driving" experiments consisted of putting a subject into a drug-induced coma for weeks at a time (up to three months in one case) while playing tape loops of noise or simple statements. Duncan: I have no recollection whether there were any papers relating to any of the--. Today, we're talking to one of the only people who will stand up for Dr. Cameron. And that seemed to us to be a highly questionable action for someone to take. Amory: Duncan knows how to be very careful about what he says. Duncan Cameron is Ewen Cameron's son, and when he speaks of his father, he talks about a man who loved to hike, read science fiction, and who had an obituary that read, in part: "Those who are privileged to know him, even briefly, will not soon forget the warmth and kindliness of this understanding man." And they haven't been super successful. Amory: Sarah Anne Johnson, whose grandmother Val Orlikow was a patient of Ewen Camerons, has a response to Duncan that, considering what her family has been through as a result of his fathers experimentation, is surprising. His focus on children included the rights to protection against outmoded, doctrinaire tactics, and the necessity for the implantation of taboos and inhibitions from their parents. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota, USA, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. Part of Camerons plan for his patients was to wipe their minds clean, to make them forget their past, so they could move forward. You know, my job was to look out for the cops. Ben: But the Canadian and US governments could take accountability for their support of Cameron. In 1936, he moved to Massachusetts to become director of the research division at Worcester State Hospital only 1 year later. He actually has a smile. When asked about the decision to involve Cameron in MK-ULTRA, John Gittinger, the CIA officer in charge of monitoring his work said, quote, Now that was a foolish mistake. A stronger personality would be able to maintain itself in heavy industrial situations, he theorised, while the weaker would not be able to cope with industrial conditions. And I think my father would have too. Amory: You're welcome to pull it out now. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association , Canadian Psychiatric Association ,[2] American Psychopathological Association . That was the case for people like Phyllis Goldberg. He had a Mercedes. . Donald Hebb and Ewen Cameron were competitors; they did not collaborate, though Cameron incorporated Hebbs sensory isolation techniques into his own diabolical arsenal of psychiatrys instruments of torture. from the University of London in 1925, and an M.D. We encourage you to research and examine these records . He demanded that political systems be watched, and that German people needed to be monitored due to their "personality type", which he claimed results in the conditions that give rise to the dictatorial power of an authoritarian overlord. He spoke about Germans, but also to the larger portion of the society that resembled or associated with such traits. Duncan: Well, I think that I would feel sad about that. In the late 1940s, Cameron presented his ideas in a lecture entitled Dangerous Men and Women. So you can see that the work of Ewen Cameron, filtered through Gottlieb, definitely informs the interrogation techniques, if we want to call them that, that the United States has been using on its prisoners in Guantanamo and in black sites around the world. [30][bettersourceneeded], In 1980, the Canadian investigative news program The Fifth Estate interviewed two former patients of Cameron's who were among several of his ex patients who were at that time suing the CIA for the long term effects of Cameron's treatment. Care of his patients went to his assistants, and here's where things get even weirder. And the funeral was yet another opportunity for Marian and her siblings to learn more about the mother who had been absent for so much of their childhoods. So I think in a certain way they believed that what fiction writers could come up with, somebody could actually make real. What Hebb and Cameron both have in common is their contribution in establishing the scientific foundation for CIAs two-stage psychological torture method. [5], Cameron was involved in administering electroconvulsive therapy and experimental drugs, including poisons such as curare and hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide, to patients and prisoners without their knowledge or informed consent. I mean, he was that much of a scientist. Kinzer: If Cameron had failed to find an effective means of mind control despite carrying out the most reckless experiments, in which he was willing to take any kind of a grotesque step in an effort to find that key, this must have helped feed Gottlieb's conclusion that the whole thing didn't exist. Duncan Cameron: No. The human significance of his dark legacy was brought to public attention when nine of his Canadian victims filed lawsuits in 1980s twenty-one years after Camerons death. The insecure man "They are the driven crowds that makes the army of the authoritarian overlord; they are the stuffing of conservatism mediocrity is their god. In 1928, Cameron left Baltimore for the Burghlzli, the psychiatric hospital of the University of Zurich, in Switzerland, where he studied under Hans W. Maier, the successor of Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who had significantly influenced psychiatric thinking. There are a few ways to reach us: This content was originally created for audio. The psychological experimentation project, known as MK Ultra, was allegedly funded by the Canadian government and the United States Central Intelligence Agency. Donald Ewen Cameron was the key figure in the Montreal experiments. Take a guess. When then-CIA director Stansfield Turner testified about the program in 1977, he said (via the Smithsonian) that the bottom line was to develop "the use of biological and chemical materials in altering human behavior." Cameron's work was funded under MKUltra's subproject 68. Many spent this period of time in what he called the "sleep room," where they were drugged into a medically-induced coma that they were brought out of only to be given three meals a day and the occasional trip to the bathroom. [38], Cameron died of a heart attack while hiking with his son in the Adirondack Mountains on September 8, 1967. According to "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,"he left his position at Allan and his patients in 1964. Or answer questions about his motivations, whether or not he knew he was part of the CIAs mind control efforts. Did it work? The last generation of Holocaust survivors and their children express their concerns about current events A Five-Part, FDA Advisory Panel & CDC Director are Complicit in Sacrificing Childrens Lives to Protect Pfizer from Liability, Copyright 2023 Alliance for Human Research Protection, 1950s1960s: Dr. Ewen Cameron Destroyed Minds at Allan Memorial Hospital in Montreal, Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases, Vera Sharavs documentary Never Again is Now Global now available. The personality types are as follows: Cameron believed that a society in which psychiatry built and developed the institutions of government, schools, prisons and hospitals would be one in which science triumphed over the "sick" members of society. Though he did visit the Allan Memorial on occasion. The idea was to first "depattern" the person in question. Ben: Sure. Ben: So its fitting that, today, most of what people hear about the CIAs search for mind control also seems to come from fantasy and popular fiction. And he admits that the papers he removed are now destroyed. And, later on to guidebooks for what we now call enhanced interrogation at places like Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib. The FBI's FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. Duncan: I started work at the State Department just a day or so before Kennedy was assassinated. "[36], Cameron is the subject of Stephen Bennett's film Eminent Monsters (2020), which was funded by BBC Scotland and Creative Scotland. It was reported that none of the patients sent to the Radio Telemetry Lab showed any signs of improvement. Duncan: No, he had some peculiar hobb-- he loved science fiction. [39], Social and intrapsychic behaviour analysis, Cameron and Freud: civilization and discontents. Peterborough County. After his mother confirmed that yes, there were 12 boxes of papers that her sons both lawyers said she probably shouldn't share, Duncan revealed that he had gone through and taken out "several papers" that identified "a particular patient." I then *went through* the papers, because I felt that it would be improper to leave in the papers any paper that identified patients. Joseph Rauh Jr. was one of the attorneys that represented the group who filed lawsuits in the mid-1980s. A possessive type, filled with jealousy and demanding utmost loyalty. Research genealogy for donald ewen Cameron of Melbourne, Victoria, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. They had 11 children: Allan Francis Cameron, John Donald Cameron and 9 other children. [22], During the 1950s and 1960s, Cameron became involved in what has later become known as the MKUltra mind control program, which was covertly sponsored by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)[6] and which eventually led to the publication of the KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation manual. Cameron also wanted to revolutionize the way psychology and psychiatry looked at mental illness. Experts must develop methods of forcefully changing attitudes and beliefs to prevent the authoritarian overlord. [27] Such consequences included incontinence, amnesia, forgetting how to talk, forgetting their parents, and thinking their interrogators were their parents. According to Cameron's psychiatric analysis of the German people, they were not suitable to have children or hold positions of authority because of a genetic tendency to organize society in a way that fostered fearsome aggression and would lead to war rather than peace; he would repeatedly use the German as the archetypal character structure on which to ground the most psychologically deviant humans. Duncan: He probably did, but I dont think I could remember the specifics of it. He wanted to cure schizophrenia, and win a Nobel Prize for it. Ben: Did he have any favorite sayings or idiosyncrasies or things like that that you remember or that made an impression on you when you were younger? His brutal techniques involved a three-stage method for brainwashing in order to eliminate the will and establish control: first, mental depatterning achieved through drug-induced coma; massive neuroleptic drug cocktails induced extended sleep lasting up to eighty-six days. 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